Menopause and Cardiovascular System

VMS (Hot Flushes) frequency and duration is associated with CVD.

Although VMS are common and generally believed to be benign, severe and prolonged VMS are associated with greater cardiovascular risk burden and future events.

Some of the cardiovascular risk has been attributed to loss of endothelial function concurrent with menopause is likely related to the loss of Oestrogen. It is not known whether treatment of severe or late onset of hot flushes attenuates their associated cardiovascular risks. However, the ageing body process coupled with Menopause can cause an abnormal blood supply for vascular health.

The decline of Oestrogen impairs the cellular matrix and triggers hypoxia in vascular function as described below:

In simple terms, the "cellular matrix" is like a supportive framework inside tissues, made up of proteins and other substances, that help hold cells together and give them structure. When we talk about "increased cellular matrix components," it means that there is a growth or expansion of these structural elements. This can be beneficial in processes like healing, where the body needs more support to repair tissues, or in muscle growth when exercising.

When we say "impaired hypoxia angiogenesis coupling," it simply means that the normal response to low oxygen levels—forming new blood vessels—is not working properly. This could affect how well tissues and organs get the oxygen they need, and it might play a role in various health conditions, like chronic wounds or heart disease. Essentially, the system is out of sync, and parts of the body may suffer due to inadequate blood supply in response to oxygen deprivation.

Glossary:

CVD- cardiovascular disease.

E2- Estrogen

Reference:

J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2004;89(6);2622-2631